Nicholas II | Nicholas II

Nicholas II’s stay at the Russian Embassy in Paris, 1896

Posted on November 30, 2024 by Paul Gilbert

NOTE: the following is an excerpt from the original full-length version (researched from Russian and French sources), which will be published in the No. 15 – Summer 2025 issue of my semi-annual periodical SOVEREIGN: The Life and Reign of Emperor Nicholas II. The full article will feature expanded text, with more facts and information, and illustrated with additional photos. This issue is scheduled to be released in June 2025 – PG

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During the autumn of 1896, Emperor Nicholas II made a tour of Europe, which included visits to Denmark, Germany, Austria, France and Great Britain. He was accompanied by Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and their first child Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna, who was just shy of her first birthday.

The Imperial Family arrived in Paris on 5th October 1896 For the next three days, the Embassy of the Russian Empire served as their Imperial Residence. Russia’s ambassador to France at the time was Baron (since 1894) Arthur Freiherr von Mohrenheim (1824-1906), who held the post from 8 February 1884 – 18 November 1897.

In anticipation of the August visit, the ambassador, did everything he could to make the residence look like a palace. For three days, the house on the rue de Grenelle became the scene of the Franco-Russian Summit. The words of the revolutionary Marseillaise were sung, followed by those of the Russian Imperial Anthem God Save the Tsar!.

PHOTO: the Embassy of Russian Empire (as it looked in 1896)
situated at 79 rue de Grenelle in the 7th arrondissement, Paris

A lavish suite of rooms – which included a Throne Room – were decorated to the highest standards, all befitting the newly crowned Emperor and Empress of Russia.

Nicholas II’s and Alexandra Feodorovna’s apartments were located on the main floor of the Embassy. Next to the Small Salon, decorated with busts of Their Majesties, was the Empress’s Boudoir, decorated with magnificent carpets; then – the Emperor’s Study and the Reception Hall, decorated in green silk. The Imperial Bedroom’s were located on the right side of the main floor. The Empress’s Bedroom, was modestly and at the same time very elegantly furnished, decorated in white and gold; with mauve [her favourite colour] coloured furniture made of woven silk.

On the second floor was Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna’s bedroom, which contained a small crib with white curtains, next to an iron bed for the wet nurse; furnished with white lacquered furniture.

The following illustrations of the luxurious interiors of the Imperial Family in the Embassy of the Russian Empire, were originally published in the St. Petersburg newspaper Neva and World Illustration magazine, 1896.

PHOTO: the throne Room, note the portrait of Nicholas II behind the throne

PHOTO: the Imperial Bedroom

PHOTO: Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna’s bedroom

PHOTO: the Dinging Room

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The building was designed by Robert de Cotte, architect of King Louis XIV, and built between 1711 and 1713 for Madeleine-Diane de Bautru de Vaubrun, the Duchesse d’Estrées (1668-1753). After belonging to several owners, it was purchased by the Russian Imperial Government in 1863 and became the Embassy of the Russian Empire in France.

Following the purchase, the Russian government made extensive changes to the former mansion and it’s interiors. Both Emperor Alexander II (1867) and his grandson, Nicholas II (1896), stayed in the residence when they visited Paris.

In 1977 the Russian Embassy was moved to another building, while the old embassy building became the residence of the Ambassador of the Russian Federation to France. Today, it is known as the Hôtel d’Estrées, and is classified as a historic monument of France.

PHOTO: The White Salon, which served as the Imperial Bedroom.
Note the bust of Nicholas II (circled in red), on a side-table, next to the fireplace.

PHOTO: a bust of Emperor Nicholas II now rests on a side-table, next to the fireplace in the White Salon, formerly the Imperial Bedroom, during the Imperial Family’s visit in October 1896.

The interiors of the former Imperial Apartments of Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna have survived to the present day. Among the modern-day interiors of the Russian Ambassador’s residence, the Red Salon, which was used for official ceremonies, and was used as the Throne Room by Nicholas II, the Bleu (Blue) Salon was used as his private study, while the White Salon served as the Imperial Bedroom during the August couple’s visit to Paris in 1896.

Today, the former Embassy is known as the Hôtel d’Estrées, and official residence of the Russian Ambassador. Over the years, the building has been the venue for receptions and exhibitions, hosted by the Ambassador. On 3rd September 2013, the Russian Ambassador officially opened an exhibition dedicated to the 400th anniversary of the house of Romanov

Click HERE for a VIRTUAL TOUR of the Residence of the Russian Ambassador

130th anniversary of the Wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna, 1894

Posted on November 27, 2024 by Paul Gilbert

PHOTO: Wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna
Painted in 1895 by the Danish artist Laurits Tuxen (1853-1927)
From the collection of the State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

NOTE: the following is an excerpt from the original full-length version (researched from Russian sources), which will be published in the No. 14 – Winter 2025 issue of my semi-annual periodical SOVEREIGN: The Life and Reign of Emperor Nicholas II. The full article will feature expanded text, with more facts and information, and illustrated with additional photos. This issue is scheduled to be released in December 2024 – PG

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Today 27th (O.S. 14th) November – marks the 130th anniversary of the wedding of Emperor Nicholas II and Grand Duchess Alexandra Feodorovna[1] in St. Petersburg.

It was on this day in 1894, that the ceremony took place in the Grand Church (the home church of the Imperial Family) of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg.

Plans for the wedding, had originally been set for the spring of 1895, followed by a week of public celebrations. The death of Emperor Alexander III on 2nd November [O.S. 20th October], however, put an end to such plans. The date for the wedding was now scheduled to take place on the birthday of Nicholas II’s mother, Maria Feodorovna, which would allowed for court mourning to be somewhat relaxed.

To announce the historic occasion, a manifesto was issued, proclaiming “In the midst of deep sorrow, with which Our hearts and those of all the faithful sons of Russia are filled, may this day be a bright herald of the people’s hopes for the continuation of God’s mercy to Us in the new reign that has come.”

Invitations were sent out, the dress code was determined. Russian gentlemen had to appear in full regimental uniform, officials had to dress in uniforms, according to the Table of Ranks of Peter the Great. Russian ladies had to appear in ceremonial court dresses, and foreign women were invited to appear in evening dresses, with full awards and jewelry.

The wedding was attended by Nicholas’s mother, the recently widowed Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, as well as members of the Russian Imperial Family, which included 14 grand dukes, 6 grand duchesses. In addition, were Kings, Queens, Princes and Princesses from more than a dozen royal houses of Europe: Denmark, Greece, Great Britain, Roumania, Prussia, Oldenburg, Hesse and by Rhine, Saxe Coburg, Mecklenburg, Mecklenburg-Stelitz, Baden, Leuchtenberg, and Saxe-Altenburg.

As photography was not permitted during weddings, baptisms, funerals, etc., in Orthodox churches, we only have paintings and illustrations which depict the wedding. This restriction has been somewhat relaxed in more modern times.

PHOTO: Wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna
Painted in 1894 by the Russian artist Ilya Yefimovich Repin (1844-1930)
From the Collection of the State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg

On the day of the wedding, in the morning, the Emperor left the Anichkov Palace for the Winter Palace in an open landau, accompanied by his brother, Grand Duke Mikhail. The Dowager Empress went in a closed carriage to the Sergiev Palace – the St. Petersburg residence of Grand Duke Sergei and Grand Duchess Elizabeth, from where she escorted Alexandra Feodorovna to the Winter Palace.

Nicholas Alexandrovich was dressed in the red uniform of a hussar colonel with orders and an orange sash of the Order of Hesse-and-by-Rhine. The bride wore a dress of white silk with silver flowers. Her English Honiton lace veil was created by her maternal grandfather, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1819-1861). This veil was worn at the weddings of the brides mother Princess Alice (1843-1878) and her sisters. Alexandra Feodorovna also wore the traditional Romanov Imperial Wedding Crown, a 475-carat necklace and earrings, which belonged to Catherine the Great. Her ensemble was completed by a golden brocade robe with a long train, lined with ermine. Eyewitnesses at the wedding noted that “she shone with fragile and pure beauty.”

PHOTO: the wedding dress of Alexandra Feodorovna
From the Collection of the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg

It is interesting to note, that the wedding dress of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna was based on a sketch made by her sister Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. According to tradition, Romanov brides donated their wedding dresses to the church after their wedding. However, Alexandra Feodorovna, chose to keep hers, which is why her wedding dress has survived to this day, and now in the Collection of the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg.

At noon, the procession of the cross to the Grand Church (the home church of the Imperial Family) began. The cannons of the Peter and Paul Fortress announced the beginning of the ceremony. The procession was led by Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, who accompanied her future daughter-in-law. Nicholas Alexandrovich followed behind.

The service was conducted by the imperial confessor and head of the palace clergy, Protopresbyter Ioann Yanyshev (1826-1910). Nicholas II stepped onto the platform, followed by Alexandra Feodorovna. The couple exchanged rings and wedding vows, walked around the lectern, and kissed the cross. After the prayer, Nicholas and Alexandra were declared husband and wife. Church bells rang all over St. Petersburg, while cannons roared from the Peter and Paul Fortress.

Nicholas II recalled that the wedding ceremony was a torment for both him and his young wife: “The thought that our dear, selflessly beloved Papa was not among us, did not leave me during the wedding; I had to exert all my strength not to burst into tears there in the church in front of everyone.”

Thus, the modest wedding ceremony took place in an atmosphere of deep mourning for the deceased Emperor Alexander III. Due to court mourning, there was no reception, nor honeymoon. During the 12 months in which the Imperial Court was in mourning, Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna seldom appeared in public and did not make any journeys. The newly married couple settled together with Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna in the Anichkov Palace on Nevsky Prospekt in St. Petersburg.

PHOTO: the Grand Church (the home church of the Imperial Family)
as it looks today, in the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg

NOTES:

[1] Following her conversion to Orthodoxy, Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine took the name Grand Duchess Alexandra Feodorovna, in honour of the Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God, patroness of the Romanov dynasty. While her conversion was completely voluntary, it was required by her marriage to the Emperor as well as her future role as Empress.

“No more separations. At last united, bound for life, and when this life is ended we
meet again in the other world to remain together for all eternity. Yours, yours.”

Watch all 5 episodes of ‘The Romanovs. The Final Word’

Posted on November 26, 2024 by Paul Gilbert

NOTE: this article has been updated from it’s original (published on 15th December 2023), with episode No. 5. All 5 episodes are now available in one video, the duration of which is 3 hours and 28 minutes. While the audio is in Russian, you can adjust the settings to translate in English (or other languages), and then turn on the close-captioning for English subtitles – PG (26 November 2024)

The 5-part series ‘The Romanovs. The Final Word‘, a new Russian-language documentary series is now available to watch on the Russian actor Danil Smirnov’s YouTube page.

In 1964, members of the firing squad Grigory Petrovich Nikulin (1894-1965) and Isai Radzinsky, on the orders of Nikita Khrushchev, recorded their memories of the execution of the Imperial Family in July 1918. These audio recordings were subsequently ordered sealed and stamped “SECRET” and placed in the archives. These important historical recordings are now made public for the first time in the documentary series ‘The Romanovs. The Last Word.’

For the first time, this documentary series reconstructs in detail one of one of the most notorious crimes in 20th century Russian history – the murders of Emperor Nicholas II and his family – based on the memories of the killers. as well as the circumstances of hiding the bodies by a team of executioners. The project was narrated by Sergey Minaev.

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PLEASE NOTE that this series is currently only available in Russian. I do not know if or when an English language edition will be made available. In the meantime, I will continue to search for the series with English subtitles and update this post – PG

Episode 1 to 5. Duration: 3 hours, 28 minutes, 25 seconds

PLEASE NOTE that this series is currently only available in Russian. I do not know if or when an English language edition will be made available. I will continue to search for the series with English subtitles and update this post – PG

FURTHER READING:

“The Romanovs. The Final Word” viewed more than 1 million times!

The Romanovs. The Final Word + TRAILER

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Paul Gilbert’s Romanov Bookshop on AMAZON

I have published nearly 30 titles to date through AMAZON – featuring one of the largest selections of books on Nicholas II, the Romanov dynasty and the history of Imperial Russia.

Please CLICK on the BANNER or LINK above to review my current selection of titles in hardcover, paperback and ebook editions. Listings provide a full description for each title, pricing and a Look inside feature.

Wardrobe of Emperor Nicholas II in the Alexander Palace

Posted on November 18, 2024 by Paul Gilbert

One of the smallest, yet most interesting interiors of the private apartments of Emperor Nicholas II in the Alexander Palace, is the Valet’s Room. During the reign of the last Tsar, the interior was separated by a large white partition. In the first half was the Emperor’s dressing room, while the second half was used by the valet on duty.

The Tsar’s dressing room was furnished with a large special built-in oak wardrobe with sliding doors and drawers, in which the Emperor’s clothes: uniforms, shoes, hats, underwear and various accessories were kept.

The clothes worn by Nicholas II were sewn by St. Petersburg’s finest craftsmen. One uniform benefited the experience of several generations of craftsmen. The Tsar’s uniforms, coats and hats embodied all the achievements of sewing technologies of the early 20th century. The Emperor’s uniforms were made of a wide variety of materials: leather, fur, feathers or horsehair, metals, wood, and so on.

The collection of the Tsarskoye Selo State Museum maintains a significant number of items that made up the military wardrobe of Emperor Nicholas II – almost 800 items that were made in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Among these are the uniforms sewn for Nicholas II, when he was still the heir to the throne, have been preserved. The last Emperor of the Russian Empire wore the uniform (ceremonial and everyday) of military units of both the Russian Imperial Army and those of foreign states, of which he was an Honorary Colonel or Commander-in-Chief.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the cost of a standard uniform of the Guards infantry with lapel was 150 rubles. Traditionally, cloths of different colours were used for uniforms: green for infantry; red, blue, white, even brown for cavalry. The ceremonial uniforms were embroidered with gold or silver, which the last Emperor proudly wore.

Today, the Valet’s Room in the Alexander Palace presents several samples of authentic uniforms of various regiments of the Russian Imperial Army, worn by Nicholas II, in the original oak Imperial Wardrobe. In addition, other uniforms of Nicholas II from the wardrobe are on display in the nearby Sovereign’s Martial Chamber at Tsarskoye Selo.

By 1917, up to 1500 uniforms of the Emperor were stored in oak wardrobes in the dressing room of Nicholas II in the Alexander Palace. It is interesting to note, that during the 1930s, part of the collection of Nicholas II’s uniforms were transferred from the Alexander Palace to the Artillery Historical Museum in St. Petersburg, where they remain to this day.

In recent years, the uniforms of Nicholas II from the funds of the Alexander Palace, have been loaned out for exhibitions in such cities as St. Petersburg, Moscow, Tula [includes 21 colour photos], Novosibirsk and Minsk.

Click on above image to watch the video.
Language: Russian. Duration: 11 minutes

For ENGLISH SUBTITLES (or other language), CLICK on the “SETTINGS” located between the “CC” and “YouTube” buttons. CLICK on “Subtitles/CC”, then click “Auto-translate” link, then choose “ENGLISH” or other language. ENJOY!

Bas-relief of Tsar-Martyr Nicholas II installed in Moscow

Posted on November 16, 2024 by Paul Gilbert

On 1st November 2024 – a monument to Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich (1857-1905) and Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna (1864–1918) was unveiled and consecrated on the square near the Tretyakovskaya metro station in Moscow.

The installation of the monument is timed to the 160th anniversary of the birth of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna, born Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine.

The sculptural composition was designed by the artist Georgy Frangulyan. The grand ducal couple are represented on the day of their wedding on 16th (O.S. 3rd) June 1884.

Behind the two bronze figures are four granite steles, one of which features a bas-relief depicting Emperor Nicholas II – seen in the photo above.

Russian Railways new train named after Nicholas II

Posted on November 4, 2024 by Paul Gilbert

On 3rd November 2024, the presentation of the updated branded high-speed train No 001A/002A – Кра́сная стрела́ / Red Arrow, took place, at the Moskovsky (Moscow) Railway Station in St. Petersburg. The luxury overnight train has been running between the Moscow and St. Petersburg for more than 90 years.

At the initiative of Russian Railways employees, the train was named after the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II – the railway workers believe that the Red Arrow should become a symbol of the continuity of national history, combining the best pre-revolutionary and Soviet traditions with modern technologies.

“I would like to remind you that the Red Arrow is the first Soviet branded train, one of the symbols of the USSR. But we should not forget the glorious times of the Russian Empire – after all, it was under Nicholas II that the Trans-Siberian Railway was built,” said Fyodor Gerstner, deputy head of Russian Railways.

The Red Arrow train named after Nicholas II will begin service between Moscow and St. Petersburg from 7th November – the anniversary marking the October 1917 Revolution. The wagons of the train have been replaced, while upgrades include powerful new air conditioning and modern multimedia systems. The Red Arrow has a restaurant car, VIP carriages, as well as 1st and 2nd class carriages. Despite the modernization and rebranding, the cost of train tickets will remain the same until at least the beginning of 2025.

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The distance between the two capitals is about 650 km, travel time is 8 hours

The Red Arrow luxury overnight train first chugged along the historic railway line between the two capitals of Russia in 1931, and has since been the pride of the Russian Railroad. This Moscow – St. Petersburg train has interiors that feel as if they come from a movie set and an exterior in such bright red that it’s really difficult to mistake, no matter if lit from the platform lights of the Moskovsky Station in St. Petersburg, or the Leningradsky Station in Moscow.

The history that emanates from the very walls of the carriages on the Red Arrow makes this a very popular train. As a result of its increasing popularity among trains from Moscow to St. Petersburg, the Red Arrow has spawned other luxury-oriented night trains, including the Express and the Megapolis. Even with all its retro charm, this one-of-a-kind luxury Russian train is as up-to-date and modern as any sleeper carriage found in just about any country. Passengers with Red Arrow train tickets enjoy high-comfort amenities while gliding through the night between Russia’s historical capital cities on an overnight train from Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Today’s journey by luxury trains meets the demands of most rail travelers, particularly those who seek special and unique train travel experiences from around the world. The Red Arrow’s vibrant red carriages almost glow against the greenery of the countryside, and is as much a part of Russian culture as borsch!

Russian jeweller recreates Fabergé brooch – a gift from Nicholas II to Alexandra Feodorovna

Posted on October 27, 2024 by Paul Gilbert

On 18th October 2024, a diamond aquamarine brooch originally created by Carl Fabergé, and recently recreated by the Russian jewelery firm CHAMOVSKIKH, was presented at the Investing in Jewelry Art and Collectibles exhibit at the Moscow Financial Forum. The brooch is dedicated to the 130th anniversary of the wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna in 1894.

The famous Russian jeweler has recreated a historical piece of jewelry — a brooch with a 114-carat Siberian aquamarine with a trellis border of rose diamonds, that Tsesarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich (future Emperor Nicholas II) purchased from Carl Fabergé as a wedding gift for his bride Grand Duchess Alexandra Feodorovna (née Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, future Empress Alexandra Feodorovna).

The receipt and the date of purchase have been preserved – 10 August, 1894, (three months before their wedding), for 1100 rubles. The receipt was signed by Henrich Wigström (1862-1923), one of Fabergé’s most important workmasters.

The brooch was presented to Princess Alix on 10th August 1894. The wedding was held on 27th (O.S. 14th) November 1894. The ceremony took place in the Grand Church (the home church of the Imperial Family) of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, the service was presided over by the Archpriest Ioann Yanyshev (1826-1910).

Plans for the wedding, had originally been set for the spring of 1895, however, the death of Emperor Alexander III put an end to such plans. Due to court mourning, there was no reception, nor honeymoon.

During the Soviet years, the Empress’s favourite brooch was sold to a foreign buyer (see below), repeating the fate of many other Russian-made jewelry masterpieces.

The following video explores the history of Fabergé’s diamond brooch with Siberian aquamarine and it’s recreation by modern-day masters of the CHAMOVSKIKH Jewelery House.

CLICK on the above image to watch the VIDEO
Duration: 3 minutes, 4 seconds. Language: Русский / Russian

PHOTO: the real Fabergé Siberian aquamarine and diamond brooch
on display at Wartski (London) in December 2014. © Forbes Magazine

The brooch was later purchased by the famous British jeweller Emanuel Snowman (1886-1970) during a trip to Moscow during the Soviet years, and it is among the Tsars’ confiscated treasures. Apparently sewn into clothing, it accompanied the Tsar and his family when they were sent to Yekaterinburg. After the murder of the Romanovs, the brooch, along with pieces of jewelry, was on the list of personal effects found with the bodies.

For a long time, nothing was known about Alexandra Feodorovna’s aquamarines. But in 2014, the Empress’s aquamarine tiara surfaced at Christie’s closed auction. The organizers of the auction kept the names of the seller and the buyer secret, it was only indicated that the jewelry was the property of one of the European noble families. And the original brooch was bought and stored in the British Wartski Gallery.

Following the jewelry exhibition in Moscow, the brooch with a 114-carat Siberian aquamarine with a trellis border of rose diamonds was handed over to the Gokhran of the Russian Federation.

America’s first bust of Nicholas II was installed in New York City in 2018

Posted on October 4, 2024 by Paul Gilbert

PHOTO: this bust is considered the most faithful
to the likeness of Emperor Nicholas II

NOTE: this article was originally published on 7 December 2019,
it was revised and updated on 4th October 2024 – PG

On 17th July 2018, the feast day of the Holy Royal Passion-bearers, a bust of Tsar-Martyr Nicholas II, was installed and consecrated in the Synodal Cathedral of Our Lady of the Sign in New York City. The bronze bust is considered to be the most faithful to the likeness of Emperor Nicholas II.

The bust was donated to the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR) by the head of the Foundation “Under the Protection of the Mother of God” Eugene (Evgeny) Korolev, with the organizational participation of the head of the Military Orthodox Mission, Igor Smykov.

Attending the divine services were parishioners and faithful of various parishes, representatives of the Romanov family, and Cossack delegates.ners and faithful of various parishes, representatives of the Romanov family, and Cossack delegates.

Upon completion of the service, Fr. Tikhon read aloud Metropolitan Hilarion’s Epistle on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the martyrdom of the holy and right-believing Royal Passion-bearers: Emperor Nicholas II, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Tsesarevich Alexei, and Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatian, Maria and Anastasia.

His Eminence and the clergy served a short moleben [service of intercession] before icons of the Royal Passion-bearers and other holy relics housed at the Synodal cathedral: a reliquary with the right hand of the Holy Nun-Martyrs Elizabeth and Barbara.

Metropolitan Hilarion then thanked all those who prayerfully honored this day with their presence, and gave the floor to the general director of the Russian National Creative Workshop “Art-Project,” LLC, and the International Foundation for Mutual Development & Strengthening of Spiritual Unity and the Religious & Historical Values of Russian Orthodoxy in the Homeland & Abroad “Under the Protection of the Theotokos,” Eugene (Evgeny) Korolev. It was these organizations that presented the cathedral a gift: a bust of the Tsar-Martyr Nicholas II.

CLICK on the above image to watch a VIDEO of the consecration of the bust.
DURATION: 3 minutes, 30 seconds. LANGUAGE: Russian

“This image was first made before the revolution, out of stone. During Perestroika in the Soviet Union, vandals desecrated it,” Korolev explained. “After the fall of the USSR, in 1993, the bust was brought from Crimea to Moscow, to the workshop of Russian national artist Vyacheslav Klykov. They created a mold of the bust and poured it in bronze. Unfortunately, we do not know the identity of the original artist who created this marvelous work. But we do know that this monument is considered the most faithful to the likeness of Emperor Nicholas II. I would like to offer my respect to Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Klykov (1938-2006) for granting new life to this work of art.

“In Russia they are currently celebrating the ‘Tsar’s Days,’ and I think the most important thing for us is to learn lessons from this tragedy and never repeat them.”

Korolev congratulated everyone on the occasion of the feast, and presented Metropolitan Hilarion with a dove prepared in the workshop, as well as pouches with soil from the holy sites of Yekaterinburg, where Emperor Nicholas II, Empress Alexandra, and their children were held captive, and where they were all murdered.

For his work with the Cossacks, Eugene Korolev presented Fr. Tikhon with the Order of Emperor Nicholas the Second.

Flanked by clergy, the First Hierarch proceeded to the entrance to the cathedral, where the bust of the Tsar-Passionbearer Nicholas II had been installed, and blessed it. The festivities concluded with a banquet in the cathedral hall.

PHOTO: Metropolitan Hilarion (1948-2022) of Eastern America and New York, talks
with members of the media in the Synodal Cathedral of the Sign in New York City.

Bust-monuments of Nicholas and Alexamdra unveiled in Irkutsk

Posted on September 27, 2024 by Paul Gilbert

PHOTO: close up view of the bronze busts of Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna in the courtyard of St. Michael’s Archangel Kharlampievsky Church, Irkutsk

On 15th September 2024, a pair of bust-monuments of Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna were installed in the Siberian city of Irkutsk.

The monuments were installed in the courtyard of St. Michael’s Archangel Kharlampievsky Church, one of the oldest churches in the city. It was here in 1904, that the future Admiral Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (1874-1920) married Sofia Omirova (1876-1956).

The organizer of the installation of the busts is Irkutsk resident Mikhail Vladimirovich Arsentyev. The bust of Nicholas II, is based on the original – or what was left of it – which was found in the Crimea. It was restored by the famous Russian sculptor Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Klykov (1938-2006), who restored the parts which had been broken off by Bolshevik vandals following the October 1917 Revolution. It is believed that the original bust was made from life, around 1905.

he sculptor of the current busts of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna is the modern master Pavel Zhuravlev. Both busts are made of bronze, each weighing 100 kg, they were cast in a workshop in Moscow, where Vyacheslav Klykov worked during his lifetime.

PHOTO: Metropolitan Maximilian of Irkutsk and Angarsk performed the act of consecration of the bust-monuments in the courtyard of St. Michael’s Archangel Kharlampievsky Church, Irkutsk

Before the unveiling of the monuments, a Divine Liturgy was performed in the church, by three bishops (in the photo above from left to right): Bishop Alexy of Sitka and Alaska, Metropolitan Maximilian of Irkutsk and Angarsk and Bishop Konstantin of Bratsk and Ust-Ilimsk. Divine services were conducted in four languages: Church Slavonic, Greek, English and Aleut, which emphasized the atmosphere of unity of peoples.

The act of consecration of the busts was performed in the courtyard of the church by Metropolitan Maximilian of Irkutsk and Angarsk. It must be noted that there are few monuments to holy people in Irkutsk, and these bust-monuments of the Holy Royal Martyrs is one of the ways to teach residents and guests of the city about the last Russian tsar and his family.

PHOTO: view of the bronze bust-monuments of Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna in the courtyard of St. Michael’s Archangel Kharlampievsky Church, Irkutsk

Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich supported the arrest of Nicholas II in 1917

Posted on August 27, 2024 by Paul Gilbert

PHOTO: Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich and Emperor Nicholas II.
Mauve Boudoir in the Alexander Palace, Tsarskoye Selo. 1899

Please NOTE that parts of this article have been excerpted from my forthcoming book KIRILL: TRAITOR TO THE TSAR!, scheduled for publication in October 2025. Further details about this book can be found at the end of this article – PG.

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The “treachery, cowardice and deceit” of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich against Emperor Nicholas II knew no bounds. During my research of new documents from Russian archival and media sources, I came across evidence that shows the “Traitor Kirill” acknowledged in writing, his support of placing the Tsar under house arrest following the Tsar’s abdication in March 1917.

Who was Kirill Vladimirovich

During the reign of Russia’s last tsar, Kirill was one of several insignificant grand dukes. In the early 20th century, he was best known for barely surviving the sinking of the Russian battleship Petropavlovsk, during the Russo-Japanese War near Port Arthur in April 1904. Following his return to Russia, he was invalided out of the service suffering from burns, back injuries and shell shock.

Despite his injuries, in 1915 he was appointed Commander of the Naval Guards, and achieved the rank of rear admiral in the Russian Imperial Navy the following year.

Kirill Vladimirovich was a first cousin to Emperor Nicholas II, his father Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich (1847-1909) was the younger brother of Nicholas’s father Emperor Alexander III (1845-1894), and the senior Grand Duke during the reign of his nephew, Emperor Nicholas II.

Kirill had two brothers: the Grand Dukes Boris and Andrei, and one sister the beautiful Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna, who married Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark. Their third daughter Princess Marina of Greece is the mother of Prince Michael of Kent.

The Grand Duke stood third in line to the throne after Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich and Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich. Kirill Vladimirovich’s power hungry mother the Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna, was well aware that her eldest son stood only a few heartbeats from becoming tsar.

“Emperor in exile”

Following the Tsar’s abdication in March1917 and the subsequent murder of the Imperial Family in July 1918, the monarchy in Russia ceased to exist. In June 1917, Grand Duke Kirill fled Russia with his pregnant wife and their two daughters to Finland. It is interesting to note that the Kirillovich were the only branch of the Imperial Family who managed to escape Bolshevik Russia, without losing any family members.

Although the Russian monarchy no longer existed after 1917, that did not deter Kirill from creating his very own “make believe Court” in exile, an action which his son Vladimir (1917-1992) carried on and again in 1992 by his granddaughter Maria (b. 1953), who today holds her own “make believe Court” from her luxurious Madrid apartment.

In 1922, Kirill proclaimed himself the “Guardian of the Russian throne”, and in 1924 – the “Emperor of All Russia”. Both ridiculous edicts were made despite the fact that neither the Russian Empire nor the monarchy no longer existed.

Given that Nicholas II, his son Alexei and the tsar’s brother Mikhail were all dead, had the Russian Empire endured, Kirill would now be next in line to the throne. But as the Laws of Succession to the Russian throne no longer held any legal validity in the new Bolshevik controlled Russia, any claims to the Russian throne in exile were now up for grabs.

Kirill’s only contender was his cousin the former Commander in Chief of the Russian Imperial Army Grand Duke Nikolai “Nikolasha” Nikolaevich, Jr., who was immensely popular, not only with Russian emigres, who never forgave Kirill for his unseemly behavior during the revolution, his premature recognition of the Provisional Government and for his act of treason against Emperor Nicholas II.

In addition, Kirill refused to recognize that the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna rightly held the position as the senior surviving member of the Imperial Family, and as such the Head of the Imperial Family in Exile. His utter disrespect for the mother of God’s Anointed was beyond reproach. Both the Dowager Empress and her daughters, the Grand Duchesses Xenia and Olga Alexandrovna vehemently opposed Kirill’s claims, as did other members of the Romanov family.

Maria Feodorovna’s opinion, perhaps, was best explained by the fact that until the end of her life she refused that her son and grandchildren were dead, and even forbade serving pannikhidas [Orthodox memorial service for the dead] for them. But other Russian exiles could have had more compelling reasons not to recognize Kirill Vladimirovich’s right to the Russian throne.

PHOTO: Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna with Fyodor Morozov, St. Petersburg. 16th March 1910. Maria is dressed in black, still mourning the loss of her husband and Kirill’s father Vladimir the year before.

The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree

The German-born Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna (née Duchess Marie Alexandrine Elisabeth Eleonore of Mecklenburg-Schwerin) was a large manly-looking woman with a hard cold face. According to the memoirs of her contemporaries, “Maria was a decisive, active and intelligent”. She stylized herself as the “First lady of St. Petersburg”. In the early 20th century, it was around her, and not around the Empress, that the social life of St. Petersburg revolved.

She held her own “Imperial Court” at her palace on the Palace Embankment overlooking the Neva River. Her receptions and balls became a watering hole for the capital’s liberal and left-wing thinking society, attracting such personalities as Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich, an equally disagreeable figure as as his hostess.

The Grand Duchess did not hide her hostility to Alexandra Feodorovna nor Maria Feodorovna and actually opposed herself to the Imperial Family. It was thanks to Maria Pavlovna’s vicious instigation that the Emperor’s uncles and cousins: the grand dukes began, although not explicitly, to oppose the Emperor.

What Maria Pavlovna was thinking about when she entered into a confrontation with the Imperial Family is not known for certain. However, some Russian historians have specualated that Maria Pavlovna found out the truth about Alexei’s haemophilia, and that he could die at any time. She was also led to believe the Emperor’s brother, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, was not eager to occupy the Russian throne. Therefore, opposing Alexandra Feodorovna and Nicholas II, Maria Pavlovna could well keep her son Kirill and his right to the Russian throne in mind.

The grand dukes bad relations with Nicholas II, became one of the most serious reasons for the fall of the monarchy in Russia. By creating a fronde and the grand dukes growing hostilities towards the Emperor, Maria Pavlovna, in fact, severed the Kirillovich branch from the rest of the Imperial Family. After the 1917 Revolution, the Grand Duchess stubbornly refused to leave Russia, still hoping to make her eldest son Kirill Vladimirovich the Tsar. It was not until February 1920, that Maria finally fled Russia and the approaching Bolsheviks, taking her jewels with her. She was the last Romanov to leave Russia, and the first to die in exile. She had made her way to France, however, unable to withstand the emotional turmoil, Maria Pavlovna died in September of the same year.

The betrayal of Kirill Vladimirovich

Perhaps Maria Pavlovna did not have such far-reaching plans for her son, but Kirill, however, did not show his best side.

During the February Revolution, the Grand Duke, betrayed not only Nicholas II, but also the monarchy itself. Putting on a red bow, Kirill led his Naval Guards to the State Duma in Petrograd, where he swore allegiance with the new Provisional Government, an action which many regarded as treason.

When in March 1917 the Provisional Government decided to put Emperor Nicholas II and his family under arrest, Kirill Vladimirovich fully supported this decision. The Grand Duke stated the following:

“Exceptional circumstances require exceptional measures. That is why the imprisonment of Nikolai and his wife is justified by the events taking place in Russia. Finally, the government apparently had enough reasons to decide on this measure. Be that as it may, it seems to me that none of us belonging to the family of the former Emperor should now remain in their posts.”

As is known, during the Revolution, many members of the Romanov dynasty were shot. Kirill Vladimirovich, thanks to his loyalty to the Provisional Government, managed to escape. The new authorities gave him permission to leave Russia for Finland.

Under no pretext can we admit to the throne those whose ancestors belonged to parties involved in the 1917 revolution in one way or another. Nor can we admit those whose ancestors, who betrayed Tsar Nicholas II. Nor can we ignore those whose ancestors openly supported the Nazis. Thus, without any reservations, the right to the succession to the throne of the Kirillovich branch should be excluded!

Any person who supports this branch of the Romanov dynasty, dishonours the memory of the murdered Holy Tsar Martyr Nicholas II.

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Below, is the cover of my forthcoming book Kirill: Traitor to the Tsar, now scheduled for publication in Autumn 2025 . . . more than 200 pages, it will be available in hard cover, paperback and ebook editions! Watch for my ads in both Majesty and Russian Life magazines!

recapping on his track record